The energy transition: Second hand isn’t always more sustainable
With oil majors responding to climate pressure by selling assets in a bid to slash emissions fast, emissions are merely being handed down to other companies – possibly those less transparent and more keen on upping production.
Wood Mackenzie has said that US oil majors ExxonMobil and Chevron, and in Europe, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, Total and Eni, have sold a total of $28.1 billion in assets since 2018 alone, and are set for additional clearances of over $30 billion in the next few years. Currently, the entirety of oil and gas assets up for sale across the industry is valued at around $140 billion, a somewhat concerning figure when there is no guarantee that these assets will end up in virtuous hands when they are sold on.
In fact, while the various publicly listed oil majors which are putting up assets for sale are hardly known as the ‘good guys’ to climate activists, many candidate buyers – such as energy traders and state-owned companies - are private companies which are financed by private equity and could be even less environmentally conscious than the original asset owners. The selling of fossil fuel assets is a quick fix towards reducing emissions for publicly listed companies, but the subsequent production and emissions could be merely shifted to a less transparent space in the market.
Another pressing concern around the irresponsible sale of fossil fuel assets is the potential of new owners to rush towards pushing out as much production as possible before the world truly cracks down on the energy transition. Despite sustainability dominating the conversation in the commodities space, Opec has forecast that oil demand will rise to a similar level as before the pandemic in 2022 in its July monthly report. Some analysts have said that global oil demand could have peaked in 2019, but Opec preaches that growth in the US, China and India will make significant contribution to demand growth next year.
So, not only are fossil fuel assets in danger of ending up in less transparent hands, but these hands could also be responsible for upping production. What outwardly seems like a huge victory for climate activists is inwardly just moving emissions from one hand to another, and potentially even resulting in a short-term upsurge in emissions from the potential of increased production for one last ‘oil hurrah’.
But the world still depends on fossil fuels for around 80% of its primary energy demand, and the industry is not yet near the point of fully retreating and giving way to greener energies. Certainly, oil (accounting for just over 30%) is not, and even coal (around 25%) is still a prevalent source of energy. But perhaps slowing down the process of listed companies scrambling to shrink their emissions could be more beneficial for the energy transition.
Indeed, not all private companies with private shareholders necessarily want to operate against government, bank, and investor climate and emissions goals, and not all commodities traders operate opaquely. Glencore, which went public in 2011 and is the only company in the sector to have set a net total zero emissions ambition, has been open with its strategies regarding fossil fuel assets and the energy transition.
As an owner of coal assets, the trading giant has decided against selling them on to avoid the problems stated above. In its 2020 climate report, the company recognises that selling its coal mines will not remove their associated emissions, stating that while there is demand for coal, and it is economically viable to sell the mines on, it will continue to operate the mines until they reach the end of their lives.
Instead of on-selling to coal companies that realistically have no other option but to reinvest in the coal sector, Glencore is focussing on the responsible stewardship of its assets and committing to a managed decline of its coal portfolio – ultimately reducing emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. At present, coal is still an essential part of many countries energy mixes and is particularly important for emerging economies which are reliant on cheap energy sources. It must still be produced at present, but it is of massive importance that production is reduced in the coming years.
Whilst Glencore is keeping its remaining coal assets and continuing to be a contributor to global fossil fuel emissions, it will be reinvesting in transition metals such as copper, coal, nickel, and zinc – of which demand is set to soar off the back of Covid recovery stimulus and the green industrial revolution.
The pressure on oil and gas corporates continues to ramp up, with a report by the International Energy Agency in May having called for an end to all new oil and gas exploration and investment from this year if the world is to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
Considering the heavy worldwide reliance on oil and gas, halting new exploration and investment altogether does not seem a likely outcome for this year, but with the risk of oil assets being sold to companies that may be less transparent and up production, perhaps it would be more beneficial for oil majors to hold on to their assets and set out long-term phase-out plans rather than set out to offload portfolios and reduce emissions instantly – only for the hefty consequences on the climate to crop up elsewhere.
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